Motivating Employees in an Organisation Essay Example for Free

Motivating Employees in an Organisation Essay Motivating Employees in an Organization S Santosh Contents Chapter 12 Chapter 25 Chapter 310 Chapter 415 Chapter 1 Motivation: Concepts and Theories Defining motivation The word motivation comes from the Latin word movere to move. And managers often view motivation in exactly those terms (I need to get my people moving! ). Motivation is the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action. General motivation is concerned with effort towards any goal, whereas effort towards Organizational goals reflects work-related behavior. Many contemporary authors have also defined the concept of motivation. Motivation has been defined as: the psychological process that gives behavior purpose and direction (Kreitner, 1995); a predisposition to behave in a purposive manner to achieve specific, unmet needs (Buford, Bedeian, Lindner, 1995); an internal drive to satisfy an unsatisfied need (Higgins, 1994); and the will to achieve (Bedeian, 1993). For this paper, motivation is operationally defined as the inner force that drives individuals to accomplish personal and organizational goals. We mainly deal with the motivating employees in an organization towards the organizational goal for the benefit of both the organization and the employee. Understanding what motivates employees and how they are motivated was the focus of many researchers following the publication of the Hawthorne Study results (Terpstra, 1979). Motivation Theories and concepts While there are many theories on motivation, the seven major approaches that have led to our understanding of motivation are the following: †¢ According to Maslow, employees have five levels of needs (Maslow, 1943): physiological, safety, social, ego, and self- actualizing. Maslow argued that lower level needs had to be satisfied before the next higher level need would motivate employees. †¢ Herzbergs work categorized motivation into two factors: motivators and hygiene (Herzberg, Mausner, ; Snyderman, 1959). Motivator or intrinsic factors, such as achievement and recognition, produce job satisfaction. Hygiene or extrinsic factors, such as pay and job security, produce job dissatisfaction. †¢ McClelland’s Theory of Needs which focuses on three needs, namely need for Achievement, Need for power, Need for affiliation.

The Future of Print and Cyberculture Essay -- Writing Writers Technolo

The Future of Print and Cyberculture As our class learned from the last assignment in which we created a writing technology, the introduction of new technology can change the way that people operate on a day-to-day basis. Inventions like the automobile and the television, for example, have forever changed the culture in many countries. However, no invention has changed the world more than the computer. In fact it has been the computer that has made the most recent technological phenomenon, the Internet, possible. While the Internet has made obvious changes in the way people communicate, it has also changed how we perform other functions that are as fundamental to us as reading and writing. One of the issues the Internet and similar technologies have forced upon us is the switch from reading from textbooks to reading what is referred to as "hypertext" on the computer screen. Because the Internet has turned into such an extensive source of information, many people find themselves reading from the screen what they normally would have read from plain text in the past. Although this is a process that a lot of people are uncomfortable with, James Sosnoski, author of the essay Hyper-readers and their Reading Engines, believes that reading from computer screens will soon become commonplace. "Though I readily acknowledge that many persons do not like to read from their screens at this time, I assume that over a period of time, the practice will become so habitual that it will seem 'natural' - just as it now seems customary to use a computer rather than a typewriter," he said (404). Reading hypertext is different from the reading that we are accustomed to for a variety of reason s, one of which being that people tend to be more selec... ...de Web is a vast (hyper) text that we read with such increasing frequency that it has become increasingly difficult as the day wears on to dial up one’s account in order to access the Web because so many of its readers are already online," (401). Bringing publishing opportunities to the masses and having speed and convenience applied to written communication sure sounds like an enhancement to me. Works Cited: Landow, George. "Twenty Minutes into the Future, or How Are We Moving Beyond the Book?" Writing Material: Readings from Plato the Digital Age. New York: Longman, 2003. 214-226. Lesser, Wendy. "The Conversation." Writing Material: Readings from Plato the Digital Age. New York: Longman, 2003. 227-233. Sosnoski, James. "Hyper-readers and their Reading Engines." Writing Material: Readings from Plato the Digital Age. New York: Longman, 2003. 400-417

Poverty and Homelessness Essay

Over the years , we as a society have become insensitive to the major issues faced by the mankind and homelessness is one of those major issues. Millions of people, including children, families , babies ,veterans and elderly live day after day without food, water or a roof over their heads. People who are mentally ill also have it tough on the streets, which can be extremely confusing to them and dangerous to the rest of society. As the con side of this argument, it can be understood as a problem that must be solved soon and therefore should be addressed as major crises affecting the society. At the same time, I argue that it is not as big problem as it is made out to be. There are various reasons for why people are homeless and some of those reasons ,along with their effects as well as solutions are mentioned in this essay. The majority of homeless people are adult men. Many of these men choose to be homeless because that is the free lifestyle they want to live. Same is the case with many women and children. Homelessness life is not always as bad as it seems. Homelessness people have all the time in the world, they are free to do whatever they like without any restrictions. They can read books, take walks, go for hang outs and enjoy nature. There are the drawbacks of diminished health, alcohol and drugs and looks of disdain from other people, but any homeless people just live in their own world and enjoy it. According to my thought, homeless should just be allowed to live their lives. Second reason that can be considered as important for homelessness is that there are those people who do not make the choice of becoming homeless, but are forced of becoming homeless because of economic issues. For example, as the population is increasing at a very fast pace , it is getting difficult for everyone to find a job and as a result, unemployment prevails which directly leads to the issue of becoming homeless. There are the people that we need to help out financially. Thirdly, there are some people who make the choice of being homeless because they simply do not want to support themselves, these are the people that need to receive professional medical help. Our society can be seen as adversely affected by the problem of homelessness. Having no home can make it extremely hard for adults to get or keep work, being one of the causes of poverty which in addition to helping to maintain homelessness also helps turn households trying to be useful rospering citizens into victimized anti-social problem households breeding further poverty, drug addiction, alcoholism and crime. Homeless young people are much more likely to be not in education. In other words, the homeless people can not get access to a better education because they do not have the resources to fulfill their basic needs. Poor qualification, in turn, act as a barrier in finding job, as a result, future of the homeless people is spoiled. Poverty and desperation means some homeless people turn t o crime. This further decreases the chances of them finding work and escaping their situation. Homeless young people are more likely to be the victims of crime. Their situation puts them at risk of exploitation, particularly if they become homeless at a very young age. Homelessness has a huge effect on an individual’s both physical and emotional health. Homeless men and women suffer from cold that they can not get rid of because they have no access to medicine, food and warm housing. They also are more at risk for dependency on drugs and alcohol and contracting HIV. They suffer from vitamin deficiencies and often don’t get adequate sleep. Homeless people have no housing to protect themselves from physical violence and even rape. These can lead to emotional breakdowns that lead them to become institutionalized. In sum, homelessness is not a big issue for those who desires to be homeless, for instance , people who do not want to have social contacts with others , but , for the persons who are forced to become homeless ,it is a huge problem and needs to be solved. There seems to be two main elements in saving a homeless person. The government needs to help homeless people get back on their feet. They need to make sure also that homeless people do not abuse systems such as social security and housing. Also, homeless need to get up on their own two feet, for themselves. Finding jobs, such as selling â€Å"Homeless Newspapers† seems to be a common first step. To illustrate, a vendor gets the papers for free or low cost, sells them for something like a dollar and keeps 55 cents, or a little more than a half, for each sold. The homeless can then use this money to pay for food, shelter and other basic necessities. Many shelters exist whose primary goal is to provide homeless with a job and home. We help these people everyday without knowing as a proportion of our taxes go back to the community in many forms and one form is helping out the homeless. One can also help the homeless by volunteering at shelters. So if the government is willing to help get the homeless roused into the wanting of a better life, and they wish to follow through, then I suppose we could find a better, faster way to end the nation’s problem of homelessness.

Net Neutrality In United States - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 885 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/04/10 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Net Neutrality Essay Did you like this example? Its hard to overestimate how much broadband changed the internet. Back when people had to connect to the internet using dial-up, information traveled slowly, pages took forever to load and watching YouTube videos, for instance, would have been impossible. Todays internet has been radically changed into a completely different creature. However, it has been more than twenty years, in 1996 (Telecommunications Act of 1996), since Congress passed a major legislation for regulating the internet. Nowadays, five unelected bureaucrats, the Federal Communications Commission, take the responsibility of regulating the Internet, deciding what kinds of rules the companies that provide tools that we use to access the Internet, such as broadband, should have to follow. And now under a new commissioner appointed by President Trump, the FCC has altered those rules, in a way that could fundamentally change how we use the Internet, denying net neutrality. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Net Neutrality In United States" essay for you Create order Net Neutrality is a principle that has been followed for decades. It asks Internet Service Providers treat all traffic more or less the same on their network, which means the companies whose wires and towers we use to access the Internet, cant block or slow down data from certain sites or apps. They cant make special deals to move certain data along faster than everybody elses. Internet content providers, like Facebook, Google, and Netflix love Net Neutrality because it means that even if some of their products, like streaming videos, take up a lot more bandwidth than others like email, Internet Service Providers cant charge them extra for getting all that data to our phones and computers. This is the reason why ISPs, Internet Service Providers, including Verizon and ATT, hate it. If ISPs could charge Netflix and YouTube extra for those big packets of data, they could make a lot of money. Now the FCC has scrapped the net neutrality rules, they almost certainly will. posted by an Reddit user. With the regulation of Net Neutrality being abandoned, ISPs will also be able to charge customers more to access sites or apps that take up more bandwidth, while some argue this will mean more choices for consumers. My sense is this will be fantastic. My daughter uses my Verizon data every month, in which she uses only for Instagram. If I could pay 20 dollars and get her a phone that I can text with her and talk with her, but would allow her to use Instagram and get her off my standard data plan, that would be great, said by a father who lived in California. But by privileging established tools like Instagram, these plans could make it a lot harder for new companies to break through. The new pricing strategy of ISPs will encourage people to use less of apps which requires great bandwidth consumption, preventing the innovation of new apps with bandwidth. Besides that, this also empowers the ISP to make their monopoly or oligopoly on the market. On the other hand, it will probably make some positive changes. For example, it will make the competition between ISPs stronger. When non-discriminative principle is abandoned, providers with better services and lower prices will finally win. According to Corner McSherry, CEO of Electronic Frontier Foundation, Its a time when more than ever we want to encourage and keep open a playing field for new services, new platforms, to be able to get in the game and provide a real alternative. I mean imagine a world in which we were all still stuck with MySpace. I dont think, you know, thats what we want, but Net Neutrality is part of why thats not what we have. Until 2005, Internet Service Providers were classified as common carriers, which meant the FCC could regulate them like phone companies. In the Internets early days, these regulations kept phone companies from charging customers extra for using dial-up services. When phone companies started offering broadband service over their lines, common carrier rules force them to let their competitors use those lines too, which meant consumers had tons of choices when it came to picking an Internet Service Provider. A 2003 page from the Washington Post lists 18 different options for the Washington, D.C. region. Today, residents have less than half as many choices. FCC claimed in 2017 that ISPs werent common carriers, and stopped regulating them like phone companies. Without regulations, ISPs became virtual monopolies. Today, two-thirds of Americans live in areas with just one choice for high-speed Internet. And if ISPs start blocking, slowing down, or charging more as a result of this rule change, the societal consequences would make the internet degenerate in speed and availability. The intent of net neutrality is to protect internet content providers and limit the internet service providers. However, it has been gradually changed into a rule that protect ISPs monopoly. The benefit of amending net neutrality, bringing changes to the internet industry and everyone who uses internet, is undeniable. But what we should do now is to amend net neutrality as soon as possible to eliminate monopolies, since the aging principles is the major reason why net neutrality principle went bad. Nevertheless, despite the fact that majorities of both Republican and Democratic voters support Net Neutrality, it doesnt look like Congress or the FCC will be bringing it back anytime soon. The future of internet is still unpredictable, on FCCs hand.